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*LIBERO* Scaricamento Diretto - Object Oriented Software Engineering .torrent

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Object-Oriented Software Engineering
Conquering Complex and Changing Systems.

The United States National Airspace System (NAS) monitors and controls air traffic in the
United States. The NAS includes more than 18,300 airports, 21 air route traffic control
centers, and over 460 control towers. This adds up to more than 34,000 pieces of equipment,
including radars, communication switches, radios, computer systems, and displays. The
current infrastructure is aging rapidly. The computers supporting the 21 air route traffic
control centers, for example, are IBM 3083 mainframes which date back to the early eighties.
In 1996, the US government initiated a program to modernize the NAS infrastructure,
including improvements such as satellite navigation, digital controller/pilot
communications, and a higher degree of automation in controlling the air routes, the order
in which aircrafts land, and control of ground traffic as aircrafts move from and to the
runways. Modernizing such a complex infrastructure, however, can only be done
incrementally. Consequently, while new components offering new functionality are
introduced, older components still need to be supported. For example, during the transition
period, a controller will have to be able to use both analog and digital voice channels to
communicate with pilots. Finally, the modernization of the NAS coincides with a dramatic
increase in global air traffic, predicted to double within the next 10 to 15 years. The previous
modernizing effort of the NAS, called the Advanced Automation System (AAS), was
suspended in 1994 because of software related problems, after missing its initial deadline by
several years and exceeding its budget by several billions of dollars.